1965 Chicago White Sox
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
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1965 Chicago White Sox
*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
Chicago White Sox -
Franchise Page
(Regular Season)
(
1965 American League
)
Positional Average
(Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500
(1-Year)
(9-Year)
(Long-Run)
Positional Averages for Pitchers
(Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500
"vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical)
(Based on Pitchers who Do Both)
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Don Buford
20.0
17.7
2.7
4.6
20.1
17.6
2.9
4.8
Floyd Robinson
20.8
16.9
2.4
4.3
19.7
18.1
0.0
1.9
Ron Hansen
21.0
19.7
2.1
4.2
20.6
20.0
1.5
3.5
Pete Ward
18.3
15.3
2.4
4.1
17.4
16.3
0.4
2.1
Johnny Romano
10.1
8.8
1.6
2.6
10.3
8.7
1.9
2.9
Bill Skowron
16.4
14.2
0.5
2.0
15.7
14.8
-0.8
0.7
Danny Cater
16.4
15.3
-0.1
1.5
16.6
15.2
0.2
1.8
Al Weis
5.2
4.4
1.0
1.4
5.3
4.3
1.1
1.6
Smoky Burgess
3.5
2.7
1.0
1.4
3.6
2.6
1.2
1.7
Tommy McCraw
9.5
8.5
0.4
1.3
9.3
8.8
-0.1
0.8
J.C. Martin
6.4
6.1
0.6
1.2
6.1
6.4
-0.1
0.6
Ken Berry
14.2
14.2
-0.7
0.7
13.8
14.6
-1.3
0.1
Gene Freese
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.1
0.2
Tommie Agee
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
-0.2
-0.1
Jimmie Schaffer
0.9
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.1
0.2
Bill Voss
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.8
-0.1
-0.1
Dick Kenworthy
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
Marv Staehle
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
Duane Josephson
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.0
-0.0
Bill Heath
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
Dave Nicholson
1.8
2.3
-0.7
-0.5
1.8
2.3
-0.6
-0.4
Jim Hicks
0.4
0.9
-0.6
-0.5
0.5
0.8
-0.2
-0.2
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
167.7
149.9
13.5
29.6
164.0
153.7
6.0
22.1
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Eddie Fisher
10.6
6.8
3.6
5.2
9.5
7.8
1.7
3.3
Tommy John
12.7
10.1
3.2
4.6
12.0
10.9
1.8
3.2
John Buzhardt
12.8
10.9
2.5
4.0
12.5
11.1
2.4
3.8
Joe Horlen
14.7
13.5
2.0
3.8
14.4
13.7
1.7
3.5
Hoyt Wilhelm
7.8
5.8
1.8
3.1
7.5
6.1
1.6
2.8
Juan Pizarro
6.2
5.5
1.0
1.7
5.8
5.9
0.3
1.0
Bob Locker
3.9
3.2
0.7
1.3
3.9
3.2
0.8
1.4
Gary Peters
10.1
10.8
0.0
1.3
9.5
11.4
-1.2
0.1
Bruce Howard
8.7
9.6
-0.4
0.8
9.0
9.3
0.3
1.5
Frank Lary
1.0
1.1
-0.1
0.0
0.9
1.1
-0.1
0.1
Greg Bollo
0.2
0.4
-0.3
-0.2
0.3
0.3
-0.1
0.0
Ted Wills
0.6
1.3
-0.7
-0.5
0.9
1.1
-0.2
-0.1
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
89.3
79.1
13.5
25.2
86.3
82.0
8.9
20.6
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
257.0
229.0
26.9
54.7
250.3
235.7
14.9
42.7
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Don Buford
12.0
10.4
0.536
1.8
1.5
0.547
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.1
5.8
0.513
Floyd Robinson
13.7
12.1
0.530
1.4
1.2
0.541
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.6
4.7
0.494
Ron Hansen
11.3
12.0
0.486
1.4
0.9
0.592
0.0
0.0
0.000
7.9
7.2
0.525
Pete Ward
11.1
10.7
0.509
1.1
1.2
0.479
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.1
4.4
0.535
Johnny Romano
8.3
7.0
0.543
0.4
0.5
0.452
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.5
1.2
0.547
Bill Skowron
13.2
11.8
0.527
1.0
1.0
0.489
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.6
1.9
0.459
Danny Cater
10.5
9.7
0.519
1.3
1.1
0.546
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.8
4.4
0.522
Al Weis
2.8
2.4
0.532
0.7
0.3
0.702
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.8
1.6
0.530
Smoky Burgess
3.4
2.5
0.573
0.1
0.1
0.655
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.769
Tommy McCraw
5.8
5.8
0.501
1.1
0.8
0.559
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.4
2.1
0.527
J.C. Martin
4.5
4.7
0.490
0.5
0.5
0.501
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.1
1.2
0.474
Ken Berry
7.5
8.4
0.471
0.9
0.8
0.533
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.5
5.2
0.516
Gene Freese
0.7
0.5
0.569
0.0
0.0
0.367
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.3
0.389
Tommie Agee
0.2
0.4
0.352
0.0
0.0
0.262
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.1
0.651
Jimmie Schaffer
0.7
0.7
0.474
0.0
0.0
0.490
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.1
0.650
Bill Voss
0.4
0.5
0.424
0.1
0.0
0.707
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.1
0.532
Dick Kenworthy
0.1
0.0
0.753
0.0
0.0
0.123
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Marv Staehle
0.2
0.1
0.575
0.0
0.0
0.052
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Duane Josephson
0.1
0.1
0.383
0.0
0.0
0.612
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.481
Bill Heath
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Dave Nicholson
1.2
1.5
0.448
0.1
0.1
0.481
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.5
0.7
0.440
Jim Hicks
0.4
0.4
0.519
0.0
0.0
0.138
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.4
0.267
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
108.1
102.0
0.514
12.1
10.4
0.538
0.0
0.0
0.000
43.8
41.4
0.514
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Eddie Fisher
0.1
0.3
0.315
0.0
0.0
0.636
9.1
7.4
0.552
0.2
0.1
0.631
Tommy John
0.9
1.2
0.423
0.1
0.1
0.469
10.5
9.4
0.528
0.4
0.4
0.472
John Buzhardt
0.5
1.2
0.311
0.1
0.1
0.589
11.5
9.7
0.542
0.2
0.2
0.528
Joe Horlen
0.6
1.6
0.275
0.0
0.0
0.387
13.2
11.5
0.534
0.5
0.7
0.410
Hoyt Wilhelm
0.1
0.3
0.271
0.0
0.0
0.523
7.3
5.7
0.564
0.1
0.1
0.535
Juan Pizarro
0.6
0.7
0.463
0.0
0.0
0.350
5.0
5.1
0.499
0.1
0.2
0.415
Bob Locker
0.0
0.2
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.7
2.9
0.559
0.2
0.1
0.736
Gary Peters
0.9
1.3
0.399
0.0
0.0
0.476
8.5
9.7
0.466
0.2
0.2
0.572
Bruce Howard
0.5
0.8
0.393
0.0
0.0
0.387
8.4
8.2
0.506
0.1
0.3
0.326
Frank Lary
0.2
0.1
0.586
0.0
0.0
0.468
0.8
0.9
0.448
0.0
0.0
0.812
Greg Bollo
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.3
0.457
0.0
0.0
0.914
Ted Wills
0.0
0.0
0.346
0.0
0.0
0.601
0.8
1.0
0.443
0.0
0.0
0.444
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
4.5
7.7
0.366
0.3
0.3
0.496
79.1
71.9
0.524
2.2
2.3
0.487
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
112.5
109.8
0.506
12.4
10.7
0.537
79.1
71.9
0.524
45.9
43.7
0.513
eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Johnny Romano
9.3
8.0
1.6
J.C. Martin
5.4
5.4
0.1
Jimmie Schaffer
0.8
0.7
0.1
Smoky Burgess
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Duane Josephson
0.1
0.2
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.7
14.6
1.7
First Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bill Skowron
15.7
14.8
-0.8
Tommy McCraw
2.5
1.7
0.6
Danny Cater
0.2
0.2
-0.1
J.C. Martin
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Johnny Romano
0.0
0.0
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.5
16.9
-0.5
Second Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Don Buford
17.0
15.5
1.9
Al Weis
4.3
3.7
0.6
Pete Ward
0.3
0.0
0.3
Ron Hansen
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.5
19.2
2.9
Third Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Pete Ward
16.9
16.1
0.2
Don Buford
2.8
2.1
0.6
Danny Cater
0.6
1.1
-0.5
Gene Freese
0.7
0.7
-0.0
J.C. Martin
0.1
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.1
20.0
0.3
Shortstop
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Ron Hansen
20.5
20.2
1.2
Al Weis
0.1
0.1
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.6
20.3
1.2
Left Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Danny Cater
15.3
13.6
0.5
Tommy McCraw
3.2
3.6
-0.7
Dave Nicholson
1.1
1.2
-0.2
Floyd Robinson
1.0
0.6
0.3
Johnny Romano
0.7
0.5
0.1
Jim Hicks
0.1
0.3
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.4
19.9
-0.2
Center Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Ken Berry
13.8
14.3
-1.2
Tommy McCraw
1.8
2.2
-0.5
Tommie Agee
0.3
0.3
-0.1
Al Weis
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Floyd Robinson
0.1
0.1
0.0
Danny Cater
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Dave Nicholson
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.3
17.1
-1.8
Right Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Floyd Robinson
18.3
16.9
-0.3
Bill Voss
0.6
0.8
-0.2
Dave Nicholson
0.7
0.7
-0.1
Tommy McCraw
0.7
0.7
-0.0
Jim Hicks
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Tommie Agee
0.1
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.6
19.5
-0.7
Designated Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Smoky Burgess
3.5
2.3
1.4
J.C. Martin
0.5
0.7
-0.1
Tommy McCraw
0.7
0.5
0.2
Floyd Robinson
0.3
0.5
-0.1
Johnny Romano
0.3
0.2
0.1
Danny Cater
0.2
0.3
0.0
Al Weis
0.3
0.2
0.1
Dave Nicholson
0.1
0.4
-0.2
Gene Freese
0.3
0.2
0.1
Gary Peters
0.3
0.1
0.1
Don Buford
0.2
0.2
0.0
Jim Hicks
0.1
0.2
-0.0
Marv Staehle
0.2
0.1
0.1
Jimmie Schaffer
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Pete Ward
0.1
0.2
-0.0
Ken Berry
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Dick Kenworthy
0.1
0.0
0.1
Juan Pizarro
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Bill Skowron
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tommie Agee
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Heath
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
7.2
6.6
1.3
Pinch Runner
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Al Weis
0.4
0.1
0.3
Tommy McCraw
0.3
0.1
0.2
Ken Berry
0.1
0.0
0.1
Danny Cater
0.1
0.0
0.0
Dave Nicholson
0.0
0.0
0.0
J.C. Martin
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tommie Agee
0.0
0.0
0.0
John Buzhardt
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Gary Peters
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Buford
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Jim Hicks
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Voss
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Ron Hansen
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.9
0.2
0.7
Pitcher Offense
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Joe Horlen
0.6
1.6
-0.2
Tommy John
0.9
1.3
0.3
John Buzhardt
0.6
1.3
-0.0
Gary Peters
0.7
1.2
0.1
Bruce Howard
0.5
0.8
0.1
Juan Pizarro
0.6
0.7
0.2
Eddie Fisher
0.2
0.3
-0.0
Hoyt Wilhelm
0.1
0.3
-0.0
Frank Lary
0.2
0.1
0.1
Bob Locker
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Ted Wills
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.5
7.8
0.3
Starting Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Joe Horlen
13.7
12.2
1.6
John Buzhardt
11.3
9.6
1.9
Tommy John
9.9
8.8
1.3
Gary Peters
8.4
9.7
-1.2
Bruce Howard
7.4
7.5
-0.1
Juan Pizarro
5.1
5.2
-0.0
Frank Lary
0.2
0.3
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
56.1
53.2
3.5
Relief Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Eddie Fisher
9.3
7.5
1.6
Hoyt Wilhelm
7.4
5.8
1.5
Bob Locker
3.9
3.0
0.8
Bruce Howard
1.1
1.0
0.0
Tommy John
0.9
1.0
-0.1
Ted Wills
0.8
1.0
-0.2
Frank Lary
0.6
0.7
-0.1
John Buzhardt
0.4
0.4
0.1
Greg Bollo
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Gary Peters
0.3
0.3
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
25.1
21.0
3.5
Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1965 Chicago White Sox
7.3
1.7
-0.5
2.9
0.3
1.2
-0.2
-1.8
-0.7
2.0
pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Johnny Romano
9.0
8.3
1.1
J.C. Martin
5.5
5.3
0.4
Jimmie Schaffer
0.8
0.7
0.2
Smoky Burgess
0.1
0.3
-0.1
Duane Josephson
0.1
0.1
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.7
14.6
1.6
First Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bill Skowron
16.3
14.2
0.4
Tommy McCraw
2.8
1.5
1.1
Danny Cater
0.2
0.2
-0.0
J.C. Martin
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Johnny Romano
0.0
0.0
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.3
16.1
1.2
Second Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Don Buford
17.1
15.4
2.2
Al Weis
4.2
3.8
0.5
Pete Ward
0.3
0.0
0.3
Ron Hansen
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.6
19.1
3.0
Third Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Pete Ward
17.9
15.2
2.1
Don Buford
2.8
2.1
0.7
Danny Cater
0.5
1.2
-0.8
Gene Freese
0.8
0.6
0.1
J.C. Martin
0.1
0.0
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.0
19.2
2.1
Shortstop
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Ron Hansen
21.0
19.7
2.1
Al Weis
0.1
0.2
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.1
19.9
2.0
Left Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Danny Cater
15.5
13.5
0.8
Tommy McCraw
3.1
3.8
-1.0
Dave Nicholson
1.1
1.2
-0.2
Floyd Robinson
1.1
0.5
0.6
Johnny Romano
0.7
0.4
0.3
Jim Hicks
0.1
0.4
-0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.6
19.7
0.2
Center Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Ken Berry
14.1
13.9
-0.6
Tommy McCraw
1.7
2.4
-0.8
Tommie Agee
0.4
0.2
0.3
Al Weis
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Floyd Robinson
0.2
0.1
0.1
Danny Cater
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Dave Nicholson
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.6
16.8
-1.1
Right Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Floyd Robinson
19.2
16.0
1.7
Bill Voss
0.8
0.6
0.1
Dave Nicholson
0.6
0.7
-0.2
Tommy McCraw
1.0
0.3
0.7
Jim Hicks
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Tommie Agee
0.1
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.0
18.1
2.2
Designated Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Smoky Burgess
3.3
2.4
1.1
J.C. Martin
0.7
0.6
0.2
Tommy McCraw
0.6
0.5
0.2
Floyd Robinson
0.4
0.4
-0.0
Johnny Romano
0.4
0.1
0.3
Danny Cater
0.2
0.3
-0.0
Al Weis
0.4
0.1
0.2
Dave Nicholson
0.1
0.4
-0.3
Gene Freese
0.3
0.2
0.1
Gary Peters
0.3
0.1
0.1
Don Buford
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Jim Hicks
0.1
0.3
-0.2
Marv Staehle
0.2
0.2
0.0
Jimmie Schaffer
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Pete Ward
0.1
0.1
0.1
Ken Berry
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Dick Kenworthy
0.1
0.0
0.1
Juan Pizarro
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Bill Skowron
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tommie Agee
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Heath
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
7.3
6.5
1.5
Pinch Runner
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Al Weis
0.4
0.1
0.3
Tommy McCraw
0.3
0.0
0.2
Ken Berry
0.1
0.0
0.1
Danny Cater
0.1
0.0
0.0
Dave Nicholson
0.0
0.0
0.0
J.C. Martin
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tommie Agee
0.0
0.0
0.0
John Buzhardt
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Gary Peters
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Buford
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Jim Hicks
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Voss
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Ron Hansen
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.9
0.2
0.7
Pitcher Offense
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Joe Horlen
0.7
1.6
-0.2
Tommy John
1.1
1.1
0.6
John Buzhardt
0.8
1.1
0.2
Gary Peters
0.7
1.3
-0.0
Bruce Howard
0.5
0.8
0.1
Juan Pizarro
0.8
0.4
0.6
Eddie Fisher
0.3
0.2
0.1
Hoyt Wilhelm
0.1
0.3
-0.0
Frank Lary
0.3
0.1
0.2
Bob Locker
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Ted Wills
0.1
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
5.3
7.0
1.6
Starting Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Joe Horlen
14.0
11.9
2.2
John Buzhardt
11.5
9.4
2.3
Tommy John
10.7
8.0
2.8
Gary Peters
8.9
9.2
-0.3
Bruce Howard
7.1
7.8
-0.6
Juan Pizarro
5.4
5.0
0.5
Frank Lary
0.2
0.3
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
57.6
51.6
6.6
Relief Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Eddie Fisher
10.3
6.6
3.5
Hoyt Wilhelm
7.6
5.6
1.9
Bob Locker
3.9
3.0
0.8
Bruce Howard
1.1
0.9
0.2
Tommy John
0.9
1.1
-0.1
Ted Wills
0.6
1.3
-0.7
Frank Lary
0.5
0.7
-0.2
John Buzhardt
0.4
0.4
0.1
Greg Bollo
0.2
0.4
-0.3
Gary Peters
0.4
0.2
0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
26.0
20.2
5.2
Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1965 Chicago White Sox
13.4
1.6
1.2
3.0
2.1
2.0
0.2
-1.1
2.2
2.2
*
Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.
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